Most cases of malocclusion result from a relative discrepancy between the size of the teeth and the bony bases, and from a disharmony in the development of the maxillomandibular bony bases. Genetic load as well as general and local factors and the persistence of HSNN and oral dysfunctions are very frequent in childhood and have a decisive influence on malocclusion.
Influence of oral habits on occlusion
Oral habits are habits acquired by the continuous repetition of a series of acts that serve to calm an emotional need. The most common oral anomaly in children is oral dysfunction. Specialists have drawn attention to the increase of mouth breathers in children.
Types
- Habits and Digital Suction.
- Dysfunction: Lip -Lingual and Mouth Breathing.
Factors associated with malocclusion
- Heredity
- Congenital deficiencies.
- Metabolic problems.
- Local pathological problems.
- Functional, number, shape and size abnormalities.
- Eruption pathology.
- Abnormal braces that can cause rotations, diastemas and versions.
- Caries in dental pieces.
- Trauma.
Diagnosis of oral malocclusion through oral habits.
In the diagnosis is essential the role of parents as well as: pediatricians, otolaryngologists, orthodontists etc, which corresponds to the treatment at early ages and thus avoid aggressive methods in the future and minimize treatment. Abnormal oral habits modify the position of the teeth and the relationship and shape of the dental arches to each other, interfering with normal growth and the function of the orofacial musculature.
Conclusions
Early detection of malocclusions, through early stage treatment, interceptive, avoids major occlusal disorders, with all its implications. Lip and digital sucking habits and atypical swallowing, treated by orthodontic or speech therapist means, significantly reduce skeletal facial deformities. The detection of adenoids and tonsillar hypertrophy that compromise the quality of life of the subject helps to prevent malocclusions and facial deformities, the help of the otolaryngologist and the pediatrician is necessary.
In the development of malocclusion, the genetic factor is very important in the craniofacial growth and in the basic occlusion pattern; however, environmental and local factors constitute a great source of pathology in the genesis of malocclusion in the growing patient. Many of these consequences can be minimized or avoided by acting preventively at an early age and parents have the mission of detecting oral habits and thus avoiding problems in the development of the facial mass and dental occlusion.