What is sarcopenia?
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging. Thus, muscle mass is lost gradually from the age of 30 years, accelerating the process from the age of 60 years. Sarcopenia can lead to disability and lack of independence, in addition to increasing the risk of falls and fractures or injuries. In addition to a loss of muscle mass, there is an increase in fat tissue, which increases the risk of hypertension, obesity or diabetes.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of sarcopenia are low muscle mass or gradual loss, decreased muscle strength and reduced physical performance.
Causes of sarcopenia
The main cause of sarcopenia is the passage of time and aging, since several factors interact in this process: genetic, hormonal, lifestyle changes, weight loss and loss of motor units of the spinal cord.
Can it be prevented?
Physical activity and an active lifestyle can prevent and delay the onset and progression of sarcopenia. People who maintain an active lifestyle can delay this disease and lead to greater longevity and independence on the part of the patient.
What is the treatment?
There is no specific treatment for sarcopenia, but some methods are used to delay its onset:
Testosterone treatment: in patients with low blood testosterone levels this treatment is used, since testosterone is related to the presence of muscle mass and strength in the legs.
Growth hormone treatment: this method can increase muscle mass and strength in people with hypopituitarism.
Nutritional treatment: diets rich in protein and other specific nutrients provide strength and decrease the risk of sarcopenia progressing.
Physical exercise: physical training and exercise is key to counteract sarcopenia, improving strength, endurance and balance. It is necessary for the patient to carry out a training routine of several weeks, which is very effective in increasing muscle mass and independence of the patient.
Interventions in the immune system: in some cases substances such as pentoxifylline are used to regulate the production of cytosines, a substance that causes the loss of muscle mass.