What is bowel cancer?
Bowel cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, arises from the proliferation of cancer cells in the mucosa of the organ. As the colon and rectum are connected, cancer often develops in one and later spreads to the other, hence the term colorectal cancer. It is estimated that this type of cancer is the third most common cause of death in industrialized countries and affects statistically more men. Although it is widespread, the survival rate for early diagnosis is around 80%.
The pathology is diagnosed through diagnostic investigations.
Symptoms of bowel cancer
The main symptoms presented by colorectal cancer include:
- Sudden alteration of bowel habits.
- Traces of blood in the stool.
- Unwarranted weight loss.
- Generalized fatigue.
- Anemia.
- Presence of nodules in the abdomen.
However, the above symptoms are often mild and confused with other diseases. For this reason, it is always important to pay attention to early signs such as fatigue (asthenia), loss of appetite and anemia.
Diagnosis of bowel cancer
The pathology is diagnosed through diagnostic investigations such as colonoscopy or rectosigmoidoscopy, or through colorectal radiographs such as double contrast opaque enema. The first type is based on the search for the tumor through the exploration of the cavities of the rectum and colon, while the second is based on X-ray data of the disease.
What are the causes of bowel cancer?
A first cause of development of this type of cancer is characterized by a genetic component. When there is a family history of intestinal cancer or polyps, the probability of suffering from them increases up to 4 times. An inadequate diet and a sedentary lifestyle are another fundamental factor. Smoking and alcohol abuse also have a negative impact. Finally, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases are particularly predisposing to cancer.
Is it preventable?
According to the latest research on the subject, the consumption of certain foods can increase the risk of developing bowel cancer. These foods include red meat, processed meat and alcoholic beverages. Overweight and obesity also have a negative effect. On the other hand, an active lifestyle and a diet rich in fiber, garlic and milk seem to have a protective effect.
Treatments for bowel cancer
In cases of early treatment of colon cancer, i.e. cancer limited to a single area, the most effective technique is surgical removal of the cancerous cells. If there is any doubt that a lesion remains, this technique can be combined with chemotherapy. At an advanced stage of development of the neoplasm, the treatment becomes more complex. According to the specialist’s instructions, the most conservative surgery possible for the organ is used, accompanied by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
Which specialist should be consulted?
The gastroenterologist is the specialist who performs diagnostic tests to detect possible intestinal neoplasms. When the diagnosis is confirmed, it will be necessary to consult an oncologist and a general surgeon.