Dyslexia is a relevant and persistent learning disorder in reading, independent of any intellectual, cultural or emotional cause.
The brain consists of two hemispheres, right and left, which are interconnected. The left hemisphere deals with language processes and the right hemisphere specializes in visual and spatial information.
In dyslexia there is a dysfunction of the left hemisphere, affecting the dynamics of information processing. To know what is the concrete alteration of dyslexia is found in the research, focusing on the existing relationship between spoken and written language, trying to understand the phoneme-grapheme relationship and the difficulties that these children have in their automation during reading.
Warning signs
The warning signs of dyslexia can be significant in the preschool stage, it is common to observe slow speech and language development, dysnomia (difficulty in remembering the names of words), delay in memorizing numbers, letters or days of the week and difficulties in the acquisition of shape memory.
In the stage of acquisition of instrumental techniques (P-5 and 1st and 2nd of primary education) we should always think of a dyslexic disorder if there are serious reading difficulties with great difficulty in breaking words into syllables or vice versa, confusing, inverting, substituting or omitting phonemes and their corresponding graphemes. It is also easy to observe deficits in perceptual organization, visual- spatial orientation, sequential temporal organization, sustained attention and immediate memory, as well as in psychomotor organization and in the acquisition of lateral dominance and, in short, to observe slow reading acquisition with great reading comprehension difficulties.
All this leads to low self-esteem, problematic behaviors and poor social skills.
Treating dyslexia requires an early diagnosis and a multimodal therapeutic approach involving specialized professionals, school and parents. Dyslexics have a different way of learning to read, being able to access any level of education.