Proteins in the urine (Proteinuria)

1. What is proteinuria in the urine?
2. Symptoms of protein in the urine
3. What are the causes of protein in the urine?
4. Can it be prevented?
5. What is the treatment?

What is proteinuria in the urine?

It consists of the presence of protein in the urine and is defined by amounts greater than 150 mg in 24-hour urine.

This pathology is an important factor to take into account in the early prognosis of hematuria because, if they occur together, they can show the presence of kidney disease.

More than 150mg of protein in 24h urine is considered Proteinuria.
is considered Proteinuria

Symptoms of protein in the urine

In the early stages of the disease it is unusual to see any symptoms. In a more advanced stage the following symptoms should be noted:

• Foamy urine or blood in the urine.
• Pain or burning during urination
• Swelling of the hands, feet, abdomen or face
• Tiredness, malaise and nausea
• Shortness of breath
• Loss of appetite

What are the causes of protein in the urine?

The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste from the blood, while retaining what the body needs, including protein. In the case of proteinuria, the main cause is a deterioration of the kidneys’ filtering system.

There are some conditions that can cause increased levels of protein in the urine that do not have to mean kidney damage. These are the following:

• Dehydration
• Emotional stress
• Exposure to extreme cold
• Fever
• Strenuous exercise

As for those that can cause urine levels to be permanently elevated, we find several such as:

• Diabetes
• Amyloidosis: accumulation of abnormal proteins in the organs.
• Lupus: autoimmune disease
• Drug intoxication
• Chronic kidney disease

Is it preventable?

Anyone can suffer from protein in the urine and it is therefore important to be aware of your risk. There are some practical tips that can help avoid problems with excess protein:

• Have regular blood and urine tests if you have symptoms or are at risk for proteinuria.
• Drink water frequently.
• Balance your diet and eat plenty of fiber
• Maintain a controlled condition if you have hypertension or diabetes.

What does the treatment consist of?

It consists of replacing the protein value and investigating the cause of protein loss. Treatments can be varied:

• The main treatment will be based on controlling blood pressure and blood glucose levels. Lifestyle changes are important and may include taking medications.
• If fluid is accumulating in the ankles or around the lungs, diuretic medications may be given to help remove water from the body.
• If kidney damage is severe, kidney dialysis or transplantation is possible.