What is the IUD?
The intrauterine device, better known as IUD, is a contraceptive treatment. It is a small T-shaped copper device that is inserted into the uterus. It is a contraceptive method that does not release hormones, as the copper changes the cervical mucus, which makes it difficult for sperm to reach the egg and survive. In addition, the change in mucus also prevents the fertilized egg from implanting. The intrauterine system (IUS) releases progesterone to prevent pregnancy.
Why have an IUD inserted?
The IUD is a highly effective method of contraception, with rates of over 99% effectiveness if inserted correctly. Once implanted, it remains effective for 5-10 years, depending on the type used. In addition, no rest period is necessary and, once removed, fertility returns to normal immediately. However, it is important to note that while the IUD serves as a contraceptive, it does not protect against STDs.
How is an IUD inserted?
The IUD can be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle and immediately prevents pregnancy. The insertion of the IUD is a process that takes only about 30 minutes and can be performed by a trained nurse, the family doctor or the specialist in Gynecology and Obstetrics. During the procedure the specialist opens the vagina with a speculum, through which he inserts the IUD into the uterus. Once the IUD is in place, the specialist removes the speculum leaving two small strings hanging inside the vagina. The purpose of these strings is to verify that the device is in the right place, as well as to help remove it when the time comes.
Preparation for IUD insertion
Prior to IUD insertion, it is important for the patient to know her contraceptive options. It is a device that is usually chosen when the patient wants to avoid the risks of hormonal contraceptive options, when hormonal contraceptives cannot be used, or when long-term protection is desired.
Care after IUD implantation
It is recommended that the patient be accompanied to the consultation, so that she does not go home alone. Some women may experience mild cramping, lower back pain and possible spotting or light bleeding for a couple of days. It is important to have the IUD checked by the primary care physician 3-6 weeks after insertion to make sure it is in place correctly. If the patient is menstruating during IUD insertion, tampons should be avoided for the first 48 hours.
Advantages and disadvantages of the IUD
The advantages of the IUD are many:
- Its effectiveness is immediate.
- It is more than 99% effective, if inserted correctly.
- Can be used during lactation.
- It protects in the long term (5-10 years).
- Its action is not interfered by other medications or diseases.
- It does not release hormones, so there are no side effects (breast tenderness, acne…).
However, there can also be disadvantages:
- Some women have heavier or painful menses after IUD insertion.
- If the IUD fails and the woman becomes pregnant, she may be at risk of ectopic pregnancy.
- There is a small risk of pelvic infection if there is an infection after IUD insertion.
Alternatives to this treatment
There are multiple alternatives regarding contraceptive methods: contraceptive ring, pills, patches, condoms… The specialist in Gynecology and Obstetrics can offer the patient all the available variety, as well as recommend the best one for her case.