What is a cardiovascular screening?
A cardiac checkup, or cardiac screening, is designed to evaluate the health of the cardiovascular system before symptoms of cardiovascular disease occur. By detecting early indications, disease can be prevented or treated.
Cardiovascular screening should be performed periodically in patients with symptoms or a history of heart disease.
What does a cardiovascular screening involve?
The most common tests performed at a cardiac checkup include:
- Cholesterol testing: high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) can lead to a buildup of cholesterol in the arteries, leading to coronary artery disease.
- Blood tests: to check blood glucose levels and certain proteins that may indicate inflammation in the body.
- Blood pressure: both at rest and when the heart is beating harder.
If the above tests are indicative of risk factors, other tests may be performed, including:
- Coronary computed tomography angiography: a CT scan and contrast material create images of the coronary arteries to detect any plaque or blockage.
- Electrocardiography (ECG): measures heart activity, including heart rate and rhythm.
- Cardiac stress test – While walking on a treadmill or stationary bike, heart rate, rhythm and blood pressure are measured as the intensity increases. This determines if your heart is getting enough blood when stressed.
- Coronary catheter angiography: Images are taken of the blood flowing through the coronary arteries to detect narrowing or blockages.
Why is a cardiac screening done?
A cardiac screening can evaluate the heart health of someone who is not experiencing any symptoms. In this way, signs of coronary heart disease can be detected early and reduce the chances of a sudden cardiac event. Early detection can allow treatment and lifestyle changes to be made.
The following risk factors also increase the risk of people developing heart problems. These risk factors include:
- Family history of heart disease
- High blood pressure
- High blood cholesterol
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Smoking
- Advanced age
What do abnormal results mean?
If coronary artery disease is detected, there are numerous steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of heart attack. These include lifestyle change measures (exercise, smoking cessation, and a healthy diet) and medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure.