What is a thyroid ultrasound?
It consists of an ultrasound imaging test in which the patient lies face up on the table with the neck in hyperextension. It is important not to wear any type of pendant and to clear clothing from the neck. During the test a transmitting gel is used, similar to a lubricant, which is usually cold although sometimes it is heated. The ultrasound lasts between 5 and 10 minutes approximately.
What is detected?
During an ultrasound it is possible to assess the size of the thyroid gland, its homogeneous or non-homogeneous structure, vascularization, the presence of cystic or solid lesions and their number. Likewise, the presence of pathology in the parathyroid glands, adenopathy or lymph nodes in the neck is studied and the type and relationship of the thyroid with nearby structures is specified.
When is a thyroid ultrasound indicated?
It is usually requested for patients with alterations in thyroid hormones (TSH and T4), either with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. It is also performed in cases where lumps are felt in the neck or when there is a family history or risk factors for developing thyroid pathology. In women it usually appears between 40 and 60 years of age and in men between 60 and 80 years of age. However, the family physician or specialist will indicate in which cases it will be convenient to perform a thyroid ultrasound.
Does the patient need any previous preparation?
No preparation is required for the performance of a thyroid ultrasound, except for the indications already mentioned, such as not wearing pendants and removing clothing from the neck. It is recommended, but not necessary, not to apply creams on the neck on the day of the ultrasound.