What is the hypothalamus?
The hypothalamus is a small section of the brain located at the base of the brain near the pituitary gland. Although small, it is very important and plays a crucial role in the regulation of numerous body cycles. The hypothalamus is composed of three regions:
- Anterior region: made up of several nuclei that are primarily responsible for hormone secretion, often interacting with the pituitary gland.
- Middle region: controls appetite and stimulates the production of growth hormones for body development.
- Posterior region: regulated body temperature that causes shivering and controls sweat production.
To maintain a healthy hypothalamus it is essential to get enough sleep, a balanced diet and physical activity.
What does the hypothalamus do?
The hypothalamus is responsible for maintaining certain functions:
- Regulation of body temperature, heart rate, thirst, hunger, sleep cycles and blood pressure (homeostasis).
- Release of certain hormones that trigger the production of other hormones throughout the body.
What are some common conditions that affect the hypothalamus?
If the hypothalamus is not functioning properly, this is known as hypothalamic dysfunction. This can be caused by:
- Head injuries
- Congenital malformations
- Brain surgery
- Tumors
- Eating disorders
- Genetic disorders
One disorder that occurs from hypothalamic dysfunction is Prader-Willi syndrome, which is hereditary and occurs because the hypothalamus is unable to detect when someone is full after eating. Therefore, there is a constant feeling of hunger and need to eat. People with this syndrome have slower metabolisms and often have learning problems.
What are the symptoms of conditions involving the hypothalamus?
Symptoms that indicate hypothalamic dysfunction include:
- Appetite changes
- Weight gain or loss
- Difficulty sleeping
- Dehydration
- Frequent urination
- Fluctuations in body temperature
- High or low blood pressure
- Delayed puberty
How can I keep my hypothalamus healthy?
To keep the hypothalamus healthy it is important to get enough sleep, exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet.