What is phlebitis?
Phlebitis is an inflammation of the vein walls. It is often caused by the formation of blood clots within them (thrombi). It is therefore also known as thrombophlebitis.
There are two types of phlebitis: superficial phlebitis produced in a vein of the skin or deep vein thrombosis, located in the tissues under the skin. In the first case, it is usually a benign disease and the prognosis is favorable. In contrast, the latter can become a serious problem involving a blood clot traveling to the blood vessels of the lungs, aggravating into a pulmonary embolism.
Prognosis of the disease
Deep vein thrombosis is a serious disease, which if left untreated, in many cases develops major complications such as post-thrombotic syndrome or blood clots that travel to the lungs. Thus, deep vein thrombosis affects the patient’s quality of life and can be life-threatening.
Symptoms of phlebitis
In the case of mild phlebitis, there may be no symptoms. In cases of deep vein thrombosis, common symptoms are:
- Pain and tenderness.
- Redness of the area (erythema).
- Bulging of the vein.
- Mild fever.
Deep vein thrombosis usually manifests with pain.
What are the causes of phlebitis?
The most frequent causes of this disease are usually infectious diseases, but it can also be caused by trauma or by a toxic trigger. In both traumatic and toxic diseases, the existence of a possible infection is presumed, as well as in postoperative phlebitis. The latter are caused by an infection that may occur in a surgical procedure of any kind and location.
Blood clots can form when there is a factor that slows down the body or changes the blood flow in the veins. Other conditions such as having cancer, immune disorders such as lupus, smoking, being prone to blood clotting disorders, or taking estrogen or other birth control pills can induce phlebitis.
Can it be prevented?
The best way to prevent phlebitis and vascular problems is to take care of blood circulation.
In situations where there is no fluid blood flow, it is recommended to make certain movements to facilitate it, such as when making long trips by car or plane, or working long working days sitting or standing. It is advisable to walk or stretch the legs from time to time, drink plenty of fluids and wear support stockings.
Treatments for phlebitis
Certain compression and wrapping methods contribute to the reduction of discomfort. The specialist may recommend analgesics, anticoagulants to prevent the appearance of new clots, especially in cases of deep phlebitis; or thrombolytics to dissolve the existing clot.
Less common treatments are surgical removal of a vein close to the surface or bypass of the damaged vein itself.
The measures that can be applied by the patient himself are to remove pressure from the affected area and thus reduce pain and the risk of worsening and to lift the area to reduce inflammation.
Which specialist treats it?
The angiologist and vascular surgeon is the specialist in treating venous pathologies. Thus, he/she will determine the diagnosis and perform surgical treatment if necessary.