What is lumbar disc herniation?
A spinal disc herniation or herniated disc is one that affects one of the discs in the spine. Between each vertebra in the spine, there is a cushion, known as the intervertebral disc.
A tear in the annulus fibrosus of one of these discs can cause the central gelatinous section of the disc to bulge out. This is called a spinal disc herniation, more commonly known as a herniated disc. Although it can occur anywhere along the spine, it most commonly happens in the lower back (lumbar).
The most common symptom of a lumbar herniated disc is back pain.
What are the symptoms?
The most common symptom of a herniated lumbar disc is back pain. If the disc presses on surrounding nerves, individuals may experience arm or leg pain, numbness or tingling and weakness. Severe pain in the buttocks, thighs and even feet is also common.
In some cases, no symptoms may be experienced.
What is the cause?
The most common cause is gradual wear and tear during aging. As a person ages, the water content of the intervertebral discs decreases, making them less flexible and more prone to rupture. In addition, bending, twisting, awkward heavy lifting, obesity, or injury or trauma can increase stress on the back.
How can it be prevented?
The risk of a herniated disc can be reduced by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and proper weight. Regular exercise is also important. When lifting heavy objects, it is important to use a safe technique to avoid unnecessary strain. Smoking also causes discs to lose flexibility and quitting can help reduce the chances of a herniated disc.
What is the treatment?
Most herniated discs will gradually improve and treatment may simply consist of avoiding painful positions, doing gentle exercise and taking pain medication. Physical therapy is also used to treat a herniated disc, using exercise plans, positions and massage to improve the injury.
Medications are used to reduce pain and the type of medication depends on the severity of the injury. Painkillers are used for mild cases, while stronger painkillers are prescribed for more severe cases. In addition, anti-inflammatory injections directly into the spine are used to relieve severe short-term pain in some cases and muscle relaxants are also used in other cases.
If symptoms do not improve or are more severe, surgery may be an option. An operation known as a discectomy may be used to cut away part of the disc and relieve pressure on the surrounding nerves. Consult a specialist for more information.