Why is post-traumatic stress disorder occurring in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic (factors in the pandemic that have contributed to its occurrence)?
In order for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to occur, the person must be exposed to a traumatic situation that is not only very serious, but unusual in normal human experience (not since the 1918 influenza has there been a similar situation in the Western world).
If we add to this the unexpectedness of the events, the lack of effective treatment, the insufficient health structure in Spain to contain the virus, the fact of not being able to say goodbye to the deceased, etc., there are enough factors for the appearance of this disorder.
Are some people more prone than others to develop this pathology?
Yes, women, people who have suffered traumatic situations in childhood or previous psychiatric illnesses; those with borderline paranoid, dependent and antisocial personality traits or those with little socio-familial support and recent stressful life changes are more prone.
How can we know if we are suffering from post-traumatic stress?
In summary, the symptoms are the following:
- Memories, dreams, re-experiencing some aspects of the traumatic situation, physical and psychological symptoms in the face of events that symbolize the trauma.
- Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event.
- Cognitive and mood alterations associated with the traumatic event.
- State of hyperalertness and hyperreactivity (irritability, self-destructive behavior) associated with the traumatic event.
Can we prevent the development of this pathology?
The population most exposed to PTSD are health workers, security forces, nursing home personnel, people with death of close relatives (even more so if they have not been able to say goodbye) and people with severe affectation (their own and / or loved ones).
In this population, if they have not presented relevant psychic symptoms, a follow-up by the Family Doctor or General Practitioner should be initiated; with greater emphasis if they are accompanied by the risk factors already mentioned.
If people already present psychic symptoms, even if they are not PTSD, periodic follow-up should be carried out at the level of the specialist (depending on the case: Psychiatrist, Psychologist or both professionals in coordination).