Hypocalcemia is a decrease in the concentration of calcium in the blood. There is a relationship between thyroid surgery, known as thyroidectomy, and a probable decrease in blood calcium concentration.
Next to the thyroid gland, and sometimes attached to it, are four tiny glands, about the size of a lentil, which have the function of keeping the calcium concentration in the blood at its normal level.
These glands have nothing to do with the normal functions of the thyroid gland, but, through the secretion of a hormone called parathormone, they facilitate the absorption of calcium in the intestine and prevent it from being lost in the urine.
Generally, in this General Surgery operation of removal of half of the thyroid gland (hemithyroidectomy) there are no complications because, even if by mistake the surgeon damages the two parathyroid glands on the side where he is operating, the other two can fulfill their mission on their own.
Problems arise when it is an operation that affects both sides of the thyroid gland (total thyroidectomy): the small glands may then be at risk of being removed or injured. As a consequence, there is a sudden drop in the production of parathyroid hormone and an immediate decrease of calcium in the blood.
It is mandatory for all patients undergoing total thyroidectomy surgery to undergo specific tests to control the level of calcium and vitamin D in the blood, in order to start treatment as soon as possible.
Symptoms of hypocalcemia
- Tingling in the feet, hands, and mouth
- Muscle spasms
- Feeling of tiredness
Postoperative hypocalcemia is usually temporary. However, some patients are permanently affected and must take calcium for life.