What is a foot fracture?
A foot fracture is a break in any of the bones of the foot (tarsals, metatarsals or phalanges). The injury is caused by direct trauma or by overloading the bone. Fractures of the foot are common and can occur in:
- The toes (phalanges), especially the big toe.
- In the metatarsals, the bones of the middle part of the foot.
- In two small rounded bones located at the base of the big toe, called sesamoid bones.
- In the bones in the back of the foot, such as the scaphoid, heel bone, or talus.
Prognosis of the disease
In general, a foot fracture, if properly treated, is fully recoverable. The evolution is usually favorable and the function of the foot recovers completely, but it is necessary to follow the advice and indications of the medical specialist.
If left untreated, the fracture will not heal and the foot may be deformed. In addition, the foot will not have the same mobility as before. There is also a risk of blood clots, which can damage the tissues and cause infection.
Symptoms of a foot fracture
Some of the symptoms that we can distinguish are:
- Tenderness in the injured area
- Pain in the foot that increases when walking
- Crunching when moving the foot
- Decreased range of motion
- Numbness in the toes or foot
- Swelling
- Visible lump or deformity at the fracture site
- Bruising
A symptom of fracture may be decreased range of motion.
Medical tests for foot fracture
X-rays are generally sufficient for diagnosis, with the exception of some toe fractures. Previously the doctor will make a physical examination, ask about the symptoms and the way in which the injury occurred.
In very particular cases, a computerized tomography may be necessary, which will make the injury more visible to the specialist.
What are the causes of a foot fracture?
Foot fractures are quite frequent. A foot fracture is due to a trauma to the bone, which can be due to:
- Falls
- Shocks
- Blows
- Objects falling on the foot
- Severe sprains
Can it be prevented?
To prevent foot fractures a series of measures can be adopted:
- To use suitable footwear, especially in works that require it or in the sport practice.
- Alternate physical activities.
- Follow a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D.
- Strengthen bones and muscles to prevent falls and be active and agile.
Treatments for foot fracture
Treatment for a foot fracture will depend on the fractured bone and the type of fracture, although the most common treatment is to immobilize the foot and ankle with a cast. Special footwear, with free toes and a rigid sole, may also be used.
During treatment, it is not advisable to rest the foot for prolonged periods of time and to avoid weight bearing. The waiting time will vary depending on the injury and may extend to months. The doctor usually recommends moving the foot and ankle as soon as possible, from the moment you do not notice excessive pain.
The next step is usually physical therapy exercises to improve flexibility and movement of the affected foot. Strengthening the muscles is also very important.
Surgery may be necessary in the case of more serious fractures or when they do not heal with other treatments.
What specialist treats it?
A foot fracture must be treated by a specialist in traumatology. You can find the doctor who best suits your needs in the Top Doctors medical directory.