What is acromioclavicular dislocation?
The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is the joint that attaches the clavicle to the acromion (end of the spine of the shoulder blade). Acromioclavicular dislocation occurs when these two bones dislocate and lose contact with each other, assuming an abnormal position. This injury can be classified into three groups:
- Grade I (mild): it is a simple stretching of the AC ligaments, so there is no real separation.
- Grade II (moderate): there is a rupture of the AC ligaments and a stretching of the coracoclavicular ligaments.
- Grade III (severe): there is a complete rupture of the AC ligaments and the coracoclavicular ligaments, presenting a deformity in the upper part of the shoulder.
What are the symptoms of acromioclavicular dislocation?
The main symptoms may be:
- Localized pain in the joint
- Deformity (when complete separation is present)
- Increased volume in the upper part of the shoulder.
What are the causes of acromioclavicular dislocation?
The most common cause is a fall on the shoulder, as the force of the fall pushes the scapula downward and the clavicle cannot move enough to accompany the movement of the back. Thus, the AC ligaments are torn and the joint separates.
What is the treatment for acromioclavicular dislocation?
AC dislocation can be treated in two ways:
- Non-surgical treatment: this is performed in mild, moderate and severe injuries that do not present a large deformity. It basically consists of taking painkillers and resting with the help of a sling and a rehabilitation program.
- Surgery: it is recommended for severe dislocations and for patients who need to have a perfect functionality of the affected area. The most commonly used surgical techniques are kirshner wire insertion, which does not require an incision, and tendon grafting, if the injury is more severe.