What are hematologic disorders in pregnancy?
Hematological disorders in pregnancy consist of blood disorders caused by alterations in the coagulation mechanisms, their structure or the function of the cells. They usually occur during pregnancy, since it is a time when it is necessary to double the amount of iron normally indicated for non-pregnant women.
They can be classified into:
- Anemias
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Platelet disorders
- Hereditary coagulation disorders.
Prognosis of the disease
The disease can have multiple consequences for both the baby and the mother. If the disease is diagnosed early and treated effectively, the following serious conditions can be prevented:
- Premature delivery
- Tachycardias
- Tiredness
- Drowsiness
- Anorexia
- Heartburn
- Headache
- Depression
- Cardiomegaly
- Abortion
- Maternal and/or fetal mortality
- Ventricular hemorrhage
Symptoms of hematologic abnormalities in pregnancy
During pregnancy it is difficult to distinguish which symptoms are common during pregnancy and which are not. Therefore, it is important not to overlook them and to inform the specialist of the symptoms suffered. Hematological alterations during pregnancy can cause:
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Pale or yellowish skin
- Irregular heartbeat
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Chest pain
- Cold hands and feet
- Headache
- Nosebleeds
- Bruising
What are the causes of hematological disorders in pregnancy?
The causes may be due to hereditary reasons or complications arising from the increased needs of the body to cope with pregnancy, such as iron deficiency due to increased demand during the gestation period.
As far as platelet disorders are concerned, it may be caused by the placenta trapping large quantities of platelets, although it is not known exactly and there are several theories.
Can it be prevented?
Prevention will consist especially in a good diet rich in iron such as lean red meat, poultry and fish. Or iron-fortified cereals, prune juice, dried beans and peas.
Iron-rich prenatal vitamins, which help prevent anemia during pregnancy, may also be given.
Treatments for hematologic disorders in pregnancy
Treatment will depend on the hematological alteration suffered and its severity. Generally, iron supplements will be administered orally.
What specialist treats it?
Hematologic disorders in pregnancy should be supervised by a specialist in gynecology and/or hematology.