What is the Eustachian tube?
The Eustachian tube is a part of the auditory system that allows us to hear, as well as protects the inner ear from injury. It is a fundamental element of our ears, since it is in charge of connecting the throat with the middle ear, opening when swallowing, yawning or sneezing to prevent fluid or air pressure from accumulating inside the ear.
Its main purpose is to balance the middle ear pressure so that the eardrum effectively transmits sound waves to the acoustic nerve. It is called a tube because of the tubular shape of the duct, which joins the middle ear and the nasopharynx, connecting the respiratory system. In addition, to protect itself from harmful agents, its walls are moisturized with a mucous membrane that allows it to be flexible, since it must open and close numerous times a day.
How does the Eustachian tube work?
It has an opening system and has a dual function: to protect the entrance of liquids and to eliminate excess air or fluid pressure.
In this way, the middle ear will always be protected and function properly. If the air inside the ear is not well compensated, sounds will not be heard clearly. Similarly, if there is fluid inside the ear, the bones will not move and there will be no vibrations. When these pressures are not evacuated, there may be danger to the eardrum, as well as hearing loss.
In a lesion of the Eustachian tube the patient could have any of the following symptoms:
- Pressure inside the ear.
- Pain.
- Hearing muffled sounds.
- Experiencing a clicking sensation.
- Having a ringing in the ears.
- Loss of balance.
What is behind this Eustachian tube dysfunction?
It is usually caused by inflammation of the tube, which causes fluid to accumulate. This is a consequence of a cold, flu, sinusitis or allergies of all kinds. In addition, children have smaller and more compressed tubes than adults, which can retain fluid more easily. Also, we should not forget that their immune system is not fully formed. Also, smokers are another risk group, since tobacco damages the cilia, the hairs that carry mucus from the middle ear to the front of the nose.
However, symptoms usually disappear without treatment in most cases. In fact, there are certain tricks to open the ducts, such as yawning or chewing gum. These actions can relieve the sensation of pressure in the ear. On the other hand, with babies, the pacifier is a perfect remedy, as it stimulates the swallowing reflex.
If the patient needs hearing aids, it is important to know if he/she suffers from this dysfunction. If the patient suffers from dizziness, often feels pressure in the ear or suffers from excessive mucus, it will be necessary to consult an expert.
What does Eustachian tube dilation therapy consist of?
Eustachian tube dilation therapy consists of inserting a tube through the nose to cause micro-ruptures of the tube. In this way, a permanent and immediate dilatation of the tube and ventilation of the middle ear is achieved. The objective is to restore proper tubal function, eliminating the sensation of plugging and the presence of mucus in the middle ear.
This technique is minimally invasive and ambulatory, but it is performed under general anesthesia and the patient can return to his daily routines the following day.
Is the functionality of the ear 100% restored after the procedure?
There is no categorical answer, as each patient comes to the clinic at a different time in the evolution of his pathology. Obviously, the less deteriorated the ear is, the better the chances of recovering full functionality.
How does it impact on the quality of life of the person?
Patients have problems with deafness, a sign that is quite disabling. However, what really brings them for consultation are cases of pain, sensation of plugging and suppuration.