What is hip replacement?
Hip replacement is a major surgical technique that involves the replacement of the degenerated hip with an artificial joint.
General anesthesia or spinal anesthesia (from the back down) is used for the operation. In prosthesis replacements, general anesthesia is preferred, since they tend to be longer and more laborious interventions.
There are different types of hip prostheses depending on how the affected bones are replaced.
- Total hip prosthesis
- Partial hip prosthesis
- Revision prosthesis
- Resurfacing prosthesis (or resurfacing)
Why is it performed?
Hip prostheses are used to relieve pain and to restore function to patients who do not respond well to conservative treatment (rest, rehabilitation, anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.).
Hip replacement with a prosthesis is indicated in cases of hip osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or hip fracture.
The characteristics of the materials used in this type of prosthesis allow a mobility similar to that of the human joint.
What does it consist of?
Prostheses are used to restore function and restore the function of the area; that is why they have different components.
The characteristics of the materials used in this type of prosthesis allow a mobility similar to that of the human joint. For the manufacture of these implants are used various metals such as stainless steel, cobalt alloys, chromium and titanium; plastic, usually polyethylene, a very durable material and resistant to wear and tear caused by friction.
Preparation for the placement of a hip prosthesis
Prior to hip prosthesis surgery, a preoperative study is performed, which includes:
- A blood test
- A chest X-ray
- An electrocardiogram
However, additional tests may be required (pulmonary ventilation tests, echocardiogram or allergy tests).
Care after placement
After the operation, patients should be on crutches for the next month. During the postoperative period it is important that the patient at home follows a series of instructions:
- Wash the surgical wound and apply moisturizing cream with a light massage, twice a day.
- Keep the leg elevated whenever possible.
- Sit in high chairs with armrests or rigid sofas.
- Wear comfortable, closed-toe shoes that support the foot well.
- Excess weight is negative for recovery.
- Maintain a balanced diet, rich in iron and fiber, and accompanied by plenty of fluids.
- Pay special attention to household items: remove carpets, cables or furniture that may cause a fall and be very careful with wet floors.
Along with these, it is advisable for the patient to sleep on his back with a pillow between his legs and not to lie on his side. And when going to the toilet it is advisable to place a toilet seat 10-15 centimeters high to avoid excessive bending of the joint.