What is a colonoscopy?
It is a method of exploring the colon or large intestine. It uses a device (colonoscope) that carries a video camera and allows the taking of biopsies, removal of polyps or placement of prostheses in tumors.
How is the test performed?
The colonoscope is introduced through the anus and the entire large intestine and the end of the small intestine (ileum) are examined and visualized. In order for the exploration to be effective, the intestine is previously cleaned. It is an uncomfortable exploration so it should be performed under sedation so that the patient is comfortable.
What can be detected with this test?
It is used for the diagnosis of colon diseases such as tumors, colitis, diarrhea, constipation, hemorrhages, etc.
Why is colonoscopy used to prevent colon cancer?
Most colonoscopies are performed to prevent colon cancer. It is the ideal method for the detection and removal of colon polyps. Polyps are lesions of the colon mucosa (like warts) that can grow and degenerate into colon cancer. Colorectal cancer prevention programs are based on the detection and removal of polyps when they are still benign and do not cause symptoms.
How should one prepare for a colonoscopy?
Currently, the guidelines for colon cleansing have been simplified. In most cases, 24 hours on a liquid diet with clear liquids and two sachets of a laxative preparation that can be taken on the day of the test is sufficient.
What does it feel like during and after the colonoscopy?
When the examination is performed under sedation, the patient does not feel any discomfort. After colonoscopy you may have discomfort related to the retention of some of the air that is introduced to see.
Is there an alternative to colonoscopy to explore the bowel?
Virtual colonoscopy or colonoscopy is a CT reconstruction of the colon. Like colonoscopy, it requires prior cleansing and the introduction of air. The most important limitation is that it does not allow biopsies or removal of polyps.