Endometrial polyps are proliferations of the endometrium, the layer that lines the inside of the uterus. They are usually benign, although between 0.5 and 1% can degenerate into malignant processes, especially at menopause.
The cause of their appearance is unknown, although there are factors that favor their appearance:
- Obesity
- Medical treatments such as those used in breast cancer.
- Hormone replacement therapy used after menopause.
- Family history of Lynch Syndrome or Cowden Syndrome.
Characteristics of endometrial polyps
Endometrial polyps vary in size and shape. They may present as a finding on gynecologic examination or with mild or severe symptomatology.
Symptoms of endometrial polyps
The most frequent symptomatology they produce are abnormal bleeding, in the form of:
- Irregular or unpredictable menstrual bleeding.
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Bleeding between periods
- Bleeding during menopause
- Problems getting or staying pregnant
If these symptoms occur, it is advisable to consult a specialist to look for the cause and rule out the existence of these polyps.
How to diagnose and treat endometrial polyps
The diagnosis of suspicion is made with ultrasound in the gynecology office. The definitive diagnosis and initial treatment is performed by hysteroscopy, an endoscopic technique with direct visualization of the inside of the uterus, being a simple procedure that is performed on an outpatient basis in most cases. However, it should be noted that not all polyps require removal, and that factors such as the patient’s age, the patient’s genetic desire, the size of the polyp and the symptomatology produced by the polyp should be taken into account.