Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the skin and oral mucosa. Dr. Dídac Sotorra explains that the cause is unknown although it is known to be autoimmune in nature. It has been linked to hepatitis C and hypothyroidism, among others.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified oral lichen planus as a potentially malignant oral disorder, that is, it has the capacity for transformation into a malignant neoplasm in the long term. Therefore, it is necessary to have regular check-ups with a dental specialist to reach an early diagnosis and eradicate it before it presents complications.
Types of oral lichen planus
On many occasions, lichen planus only affects the mucosa of the mouth, with two main clinical variants: reticular (white) and erosive (ulcers):
- Oral lichen planus reticularis: white patches usually appear as a network on the mucosa of the mouth, usually affecting the inner cheek, tongue and gingiva. It does not usually cause discomfort.
- Erosive oral lichen planus: the white patches of lichen planus reticularis are also accompanied by ulcers in outbreaks that cause discomfort and pain. Sometimes they are located only on the gum producing bleeding and irritation (desquamative gingivitis).
It is very important to make a proper diagnosis of this process by clinical examination and performing a small biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
For an adequate treatment it is essential to eliminate the irritants and it is usually necessary, in cases where there is discomfort or pain, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and local immunosuppressants.