Lumbar discectomy is the main technique in the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. It consists of the removal of the portion of the herniated intervertebral disc, that is to say, the disc fragment that has moved into the spinal canal, compressing the nerves.
The process is performed by minimally invasive techniques, Microsurgery or Endoscopy. In both procedures, the surgical wound is 2-4cm, and does not damage more than a minimal amount of muscle and bone, without altering the anatomy of the spine. In Microsurgery, a surgical microscope is used to improve the view of the anatomy of the operative field, while in Endoscopy, fiber optics and specially designed instruments are used to visualize the surgical field through images on a monitor.
Benefits and risks of lumbar discectomy
As these procedures are non-invasive and do not damage the patient’s anatomy, the patient is discharged after 24-36 hours. In addition, reincorporation to social and sporting life takes place in periods that were unthinkable until recently. On the other hand, risks are present as in all interventions, although minimally invasive procedures reduce them, with minimal blood loss and very short surgical times.
Recovery after lumbar discectomy
Patients should initially avoid risk factors, such as straining the lumbar spine, especially lifting weights, sudden movements, repeated impacts, being rigorous with postural hygiene, not gaining weight, etc. Subsequently, it is advisable to perform muscle strengthening techniques, such as swimming, pilates or back workshops, and especially strengthening of the abdominal and paravertebral muscles.