Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, known as PENS therapy, consists of applying a low-voltage electrical current by means of a needle. It can be done directly on the nerve or on the adjacent subcutaneous tissue.
This type of therapy is used for the treatment of localized neuropathic pain with allodynia or hyperalgesia, which do not respond to conventional treatments.
What does the treatment consist of?
The treatment is performed in a hospital environment. First, the area is sterilized and the area of allodynia is localized. A puncture is made with the needle-electrode in this area, but it must be a puncture of less than 3 centimeters deep.
It is then connected to the generator and a first test phase is performed. In this phase, stimulation takes place until the patient can comfortably perceive the stimulus in the area. Finally, the treatment is performed, which lasts approximately 25 minutes.
Indications for PENS
This technique is indicated for the treatment of localized neuropathic pain. More specifically, it has been shown to be highly effective in occipital, intercostal, trigeminal, postmastectomy or post-surgical groin pain. In fact, it is in this last indication where the best results have been observed.
Treatment efficacy
There are a number of studies, the results of which support its efficacy, demonstrating its safety and considering the positive risk/benefit balance. Thus, the use of PENS is supported by scientific evidence.
Type of anesthesia and hospital admission
This treatment is performed under local anesthesia. In some cases, this type of anesthesia is not required, because the needle is atraumatic and it is not usually a painful process. It is performed on an outpatient basis, and the patient is discharged home approximately 30 minutes after the procedure. Thus, PENS treatment does not require hospitalization.
When does pain relief begin to be noticed?
Usually the patient may notice immediate relief, but the effect of PENS may be delayed for a few days. In any case, the goals of PENS therapy are:
- Lasting pain relief
- Improved functionality and activity
- Reduced consumption of analgesics
- Improved quality of life
Pain relief can be maintained for several months. In some cases, it can be maintained for more than a year. If symptoms recur, PENS therapy can be repeated.