Disc herniation usually occurs due to natural wear and tear, i.e., it is often related to aging, known as degenerative disc disease. However, the causes are often multiple and there are a variety of risk factors.
Genetic origin has a significant influence, as there is a strong hereditary predisposition to develop a herniated disc. In addition, there is excess body weight, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and physically demanding jobs.
Most herniated discs occur in the lumbar area, although they can also occur in the cervical area.
Symptoms of disc herniation
Generally, this pathology affects one side of the body, so the most frequent symptoms are pain in the arms or legs.
In the case of lumbar hernias, discomfort usually appears in the buttocks, thighs, calf and, in some cases, in the feet. If the hernia is cervical, the pain is felt mainly in the shoulder or arm.
The pain usually increases when coughing or sneezing and is characterized by radiating, burning or stinging.
Conservative treatment of herniated disc
Conservative treatment is performed by microsurgery or endoscopic spinal surgery. It consists of applying the same principles as open surgery, but minimizing the aggression to the patient’s structures.
Initially, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy or corticosteroid injections are administered. However, when these non-surgical routes have not been successful, surgery is considered. In addition, surgical treatment may be indicated in the event of worsening symptoms, motor or sensory deficits and spinal cord compression.