Lymphedema is the accumulation of protein-rich fluid (lymph) in the soft tissues due to impairment (overload) of the lymphatic system. This overload occurs because the volume of accumulated lymph exceeds the drainage capacity of the lymph.
Types of lymphedema and their causes
We can differentiate two types of lymphedema depending on the causes that provoke it:
1. Primary lymphedema: it is due to congenital alterations of the lymphatic system.
2. Secondary lymphedema: more common than primary lymphedema, it is caused by interruption or compression of the lymphatic vessels due to tumors, infections or treatments such as surgery or radiotherapy.
Secondary lymphedema is one of the most feared sequelae of breast cancer treatment. It can develop as a consequence of lymph node removal (lymphadenectomy), as well as radiation therapy-induced fibrosis in the axilla. It is estimated that one in four women will develop this complication and although the time of onset varies from weeks to years, it most frequently appears during the first year after surgery.
As for its prevention, there are no studies that affirm that it can be avoided. However, a series of hygienic-health and exercise habits can be followed which, carried out immediately after surgery, can help to avoid lymphedema:
1. Preventive exercises, such as respiratory and mobility exercises of the affected limb (performed gently and repetitively).
2. Hygienic dietary measures to avoid any type of infection, for example, extreme hygiene of the skin with neutral soaps, drying the skin (paying attention to the folds), applying cream after washing, avoiding tight clothing between the arm and the affected shoulder, etc. In addition, it is important to avoid excessive heat. It is important to avoid excessive heat.
Once lymphedema appears, physiotherapy treatment is essential. Thanks to various techniques, the condition can be remitted and controlled. Instituto fisiomedico, through the latest technological advances in physiomedicine, remedies this pathology, reaching an 80% reduction in the inflation of the same.
Three key points for the lymphedema patient
When the lymphedema improves, our physiotherapists will help you begin to take charge of your own care through:
1. Exercises that will improve fitness without straining your affected arm or leg.
2. Renewal of your compression garments to ensure proper fit.
3. Education about habits to avoid and about skin care to reduce the risk of infection as well as informing about prevention measures to follow.