This type of cancer is the fifth most common cancer among men in developed countries, after prostate, lung, colorectal and stomach tumors. Each year 357,000 new cases arise worldwide among men and women.
The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ responsible for storing urine until the brain gives the order. All our organs are composed of cells that divide regularly to replace those that have already aged. When these renewal mechanisms are disturbed, cancer cells are generated in the tissues of the bladder.
What are the causes of bladder cancer?
Currently, no specific cause is known, but the disease has been linked to several factors. Tobacco is considered the most important risk factor, since the carcinogenic substances contained in cigarettes are filtered by the kidneys and concentrated in the urine, connecting directly with the bladder. The abuse of painkillers, excessive consumption of tea or coffee, personal history or exposure to certain industrial toxins (rubber, oil, etc.) are some of the causes.
How is it diagnosed?
The main symptom is blood in the urine and the color of the urine may vary (from red to pale pink), depending on the amount of blood it contains. In addition, patients often have pain or stinging when urinating (less common than blood in the urine).
If the patient observes any of these symptoms, he/she should see a specialist for the necessary tests. Some of these symptoms may appear in benign diseases so it is advisable to wait for the results before assuming cancer. Ultrasonography and cystoscopy are the most important tests to visualize the inside of the bladder and kidneys. The first by using high frequency sounds and the other by introducing through the urethra a tube (cystoscope), which gives its name to the test.
What is the treatment?
The treatment in both sexes is identical. When the tumor is still superficial, it can be performed transurethrally and, normally, with epidural anesthesia. A device (resector) is introduced into the bladder to reduce the size or remove the tumor if it is very large.
Bladder cancer is very difficult to prevent, but we can avoid smoking or exposure to the toxins mentioned above, as well as following a balanced diet without drinking too much coffee.