Mastalgia

What is mastalgia?

Mastalgia is the medical term for breast pain. There are two main types of mastalgia: cyclic and non-cyclic.

Cyclic pain is related to the menstrual cycle and, as such, usually occurs monthly. It usually manifests in both breasts, but may be limited to one breast or may also spread to the axilla and/or arm.

Non-cyclic pain is not related to the menstrual cycle. It occurs most commonly in women aged 30-50 years. It is usually limited to one part of a breast and is present all the time.

What are the symptoms of mastalgia?

Mastalgia is a symptom rather than a diagnosis and presents in different ways depending on the type.

Cyclic mastalgia:

  • Tends to be a feeling of pain or heaviness.
  • Tends to occur in both breasts and sometimes associated with the armpits and arms.
  • Occurs monthly

Non-cyclic mastalgia:

  • Sharp, burning pain.
  • Usually occurs in one part of a breast
  • Usually present at all times

Mastalgia is the medical term for breast pain.

Mastalgia is most common before menopause.

What causes it and how does it occur?

Cyclic mastalgia is thought to be caused by normal monthly hormonal changes, but the reasons why this should cause pain, or why it affects some women to varying degrees, is unclear. Research is ongoing, with several theories regarding hormone levels.

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Noncyclic mastalgia may be caused by trauma (a blow to the breast), chest pain (perhaps caused by arthritis) radiating to the breast, or possibly a cyst or fibroadenoma (a firm, noncancerous tumor).

It is unusual for breast cancer to cause breast pain, but in some cases painful lumps may be cancerous.

Painful breasts can also be a sign of pregnancy or be caused by breastfeeding.

How can it be prevented?

Not all causes of breast pain can be prevented, but it is possible to prevent some of the tenderness and discomfort caused by exercise by wearing a well-fitting sports bra.

What is the treatment for mastalgia?

Treatments vary depending on the cause of mastalgia.

For cyclic mastalgia, dietary changes such as eliminating caffeine, reducing fat intake and taking vitamin E are sometimes recommended. In some cases, medications in the form of hormone supplements or, conversely, hormone blockers may be prescribed to try to correct a hormonal imbalance, but due to possible side effects, these options should be discussed with the physician. Analgesics may also be recommended, depending on the case.

Noncyclic breast pain can have several different causes, so treatment depends largely on the diagnosis. Analgesics, anti-inflammatory medications and dressings are often ways to control symptoms, but if the cause is a fibroadenoma cyst, surgery may be necessary. Treatment always depends on each individual case, so always consult with a physician.