Ankle fracture

What is an ankle fracture?

An ankle fracture is the breakage of any of the bones of the ankle, either partially or completely. In the ankle, fractures affect the distal or far ends of the tibia, fibula or both bones.

Ankle fractures are very common injuries and are usually caused by turning the ankle outward or inward. In many cases, people confuse them with sprains despite the fact that they are very different injuries that require early and accurate diagnosis.

Prognosis of the disease

The severity of an ankle fracture can vary, ranging from small cracks in the bones to breaks through the skin.

If properly treated, it usually progresses favorably and the function of the ankle is fully recoverable. To achieve optimal recovery, it is important to follow the rehabilitation advice of the medical specialist.

A fall can cause an ankle fracture.

Symptoms of ankle fracture

Symptoms are usually very characteristic and may include:

  • Immediate pain
  • Pain that increases with activity and decreases with rest
  • Swelling in the injured ankle
  • Deformity
  • Inability to move the ankle or bear weight on the ankle
  • Bruising
  • Tenderness

Medical tests for ankle fracture

The specialist will perform a physical examination and evaluate the patient’s symptoms, as well as how the injury occurred. He/she will then look for tender areas in the foot and ankle, since locating the main point of pain can determine its cause. You may also move the ankle and foot to see the range of motion.

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Some of the diagnostic tests that may be used by the physician are:

  • X-rays
  • Computed tomography
  • Magnetic resonance imaging

What are the causes of an ankle fracture?

The most common causes of an ankle fracture are as follows:

  • Traffic accidents
  • Falls
  • Impact with a heavy object
  • Trip
  • An overload, an excessive use of the bones

Can it be prevented?

It is difficult to prevent, but there are a number of tips that can be useful to avoid risk factors:

  • Wear appropriate shoes, both at work and during sports practice.
  • Replace footwear periodically.
  • Warm up before prolonged exercise.
  • Develop and strengthen your ankle muscles.
  • Wear your seat belt.
  • Avoid having dangerous or disorganized objects in your home to prevent falls or trips.

Treatments for ankle fracture

The treatment of a fracture will vary according to the severity of the injury. Treatments include the following:

  • Putting the parts of the bone back in place, which may require anesthesia or surgery.
  • Holding the parts together with a cast or splint.
  • By surgery, implanting metal plates with screws or a rod in the lower half of the bone.
  • Medications to alleviate pain.

Normally, when surgery is not necessary, the patient usually wears a cast for a minimum of six weeks. Generally speaking, patients usually need a period of six to ten weeks to recover from an ankle fracture.

What specialist treats it?

Ankle fractures should be treated by a specialist in traumatology.