Exosomes

What are exosomes?

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles. It is a term that was described more than 30 years ago as “small bubbles” between 40 and 100nm in diameter and can be excreted by most cells.

They are not cells themselves but allow intracellular communication. They are mini-spheres with a lipid membrane internally coated with proteins, complex RNA and other substances, and act as transporters of genetic data and proteins to other cells in the body. Thus, they enable communication between cells, transport molecules that are vital controllers of intracellular data and carry information from one place to another, for different purposes, teaching cells when and how to function and react.

Why is it done?

As mentioned above, exosomes are not cells but play a crucial role in the communication and repair of cells in the body. Several studies have shown that cell-to-cell communication is very important for a healthy cellular terrain.

Age, chronic diseases, some genetic pathologies and environmental factors interfere with the communication of our stem cells with other cells, and obstruct the healing process. Exosomes are key in this communication.

Exosomes are used in Regenerative Medicine. After several studies it has been discovered the great functionality of exosomes in the revitalization of old cells. By joining old cells from an older organism to young cells from a younger body, it can be seen that the exosomes present in young stem cells are responsible for revitalizing those old cells. It is a healing strategy.

An example of application would be in degenerative diseases, which constantly deteriorate the cells and affect other organs. Stem cells are responsible for cellular rejuvenation and external factors can hinder their activities, and they may not be able to give all the information to the cells. External exosomes can help stem cells by assisting in the healing process.

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What does it consist of?

During the exosome therapy the Regenerative Medicine specialist injects the patient, directly into the affected area, the external exosomes. This will start the regenerative treatment. The injection will improve the communication between cells, in hundreds of growth factors and proteins, stimulating healing and reducing inflammation.

The procedure is done on an outpatient basis, and hardly causes any discomfort to the patient. Only a few patients notice headache, slight fever or nausea, but this is very rare.

Preparation for exosome therapy

In principle, no specific preparation is necessary prior to exosome therapy, but the Regenerative Medicine specialist will advise the patient if any precautions are necessary due to his or her particular situation.

Care after the procedure

Patients usually resume normal activities immediately after exosome therapy. During the following days the patient may notice some localized pain, slight reddening of the area or discomfort where the injection has been performed, but this will subside shortly.

For the results to be fully optimal, it is recommended:

  • Avoid anti-inflammatory medication.
  • Avoid very busy or stressful activities in the following 48 hours after the treatment.
  • Do not start any cardiovascular activity or exercise for 4 weeks.

Alternatives to this treatment

An alternative to exosomes would be stem cell therapy. The specialist must choose which therapy is most appropriate for the patient, based on what he or she is trying to achieve. Although both therapies are safe and effective, treatment with exosomes may have less risk of complications, as they do not require any invasive surgical procedures.