What is sinusitis?
Sinusitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the sinuses, cavities behind the forehead, cheeks and eyes. It occurs as a result of infection by viruses, fungi or bacteria.
There are two types of sinusitis:
- Acute sinusitis: this is when symptoms are present for four weeks or less. It is caused by bacteria that grow in the sinuses.
- Chronic sinusitis: occurs for more than three months and may be caused by bacteria or fungus.
What are the symptoms?
The main symptoms of sinusitis are:
- Bad breath
- Loss of sense of smell
- Fever
- Fatigue and general ill feeling
- Cough, worse at night
- Sore throat
- Headache
- Nasal congestion and discharge
Causes of sinusitis or why it occurs
The cause of sinusitis is an infection caused by viruses, fungi or bacteria. When the sinus openings become blocked, bacteria or other microorganisms can easily grow. Blockage of the sinus openings may be due to:
- Tiny hairs in the sinuses fail to pull mucus out properly.
- Colds and allergies can cause the production of too much mucus.
- A deviated nasal septum, nasal bone spur or nasal polyps.
Can it be prevented?
The best way to prevent sinusitis is to avoid colds and flu. If they cannot be avoided, it is important to treat them promptly. Some tips to prevent sinusitis are:
- Reduce stress
- Wash your hands frequently
- Avoid smoke and pollutants
- Take decongestants during an upper respiratory infection.
- Use a humidifier to increase moisture in the nose.
What is the treatment?
Sinusitis usually clears up on its own, although antibiotics may also be administered to reduce the time it takes for the infection to clear.
Acute sinusitis should be treated for 10 to 14 days, while chronic sinusitis should be treated for a period of 3 to 4 weeks.
If symptoms do not disappear with treatment, surgery may be necessary to enlarge the opening and drain the sinuses. Most sinus infections caused by fungus need surgery.
What specialist treats you?
The specialist who treats patients with sinusitis is the otolaryngologist or family physician.